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+In Congress, July 4, 1776
+
+The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America,
+
+When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one
+people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with
+another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate
+and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God
+entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires
+that they should declare the causes which impel them to the
+separation.
+
+We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created
+equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain
+unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the
+pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are
+instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of
+the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes
+destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or
+to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation
+on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them
+shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.
+Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established
+should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly
+all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer,
+while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing
+the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of
+abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a
+design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it
+is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new
+Guards for their future security.--Such has been the patient
+sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which
+constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The
+history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated
+injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the
+establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove
+this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.
+
+    He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and
+    necessary for the public good.
+
+    He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and
+    pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his
+    Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly
+    neglected to attend to them.
+
+    He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large
+    districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the
+    right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable
+    to them and formidable to tyrants only.
+
+    He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual,
+    uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public
+    Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance
+    with his measures.
+
+    He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing
+    with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
+
+    He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause
+    others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable
+    of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their
+    exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the
+    dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
+
+    He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for
+    that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of
+    Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations
+    hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of
+    Lands.
+
+    He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his
+    Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.
+
+    He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of
+    their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
+
+    He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms
+    of Officers to harrass our people, and eat out their substance.
+
+    He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without
+    the Consent of our legislatures.
+
+    He has affected to render the Military independent of and
+    superior to the Civil power.
+
+    He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction
+    foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws;
+    giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:
+
+    For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
+
+    For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any
+    Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these
+    States:
+
+    For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
+
+    For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
+
+    For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:
+
+    For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended
+    offences:
+
+    For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring
+    Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and
+    enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example
+    and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into
+    these Colonies:
+
+    For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws,
+    and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:
+
+    For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves
+    invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
+
+    He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his
+    Protection and waging War against us.
+
+    He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns,
+    and destroyed the lives of our people.
+
+    He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign
+    Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and
+    tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy
+    scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally
+    unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.
+
+    He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high
+    Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the
+    executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves
+    by their Hands.
+
+    He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has
+    endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the
+    merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an
+    undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
+
+In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in
+the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only
+by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every
+act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free
+people.
+
+Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our Brittish brethren. We
+have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature
+to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded
+them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We
+have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have
+conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these
+usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and
+correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and
+of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity,
+which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of
+mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.
+
+We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America,
+in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the
+world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by
+Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and
+declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be
+Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all
+Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection
+between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be
+totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have
+full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish
+Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent
+States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with
+a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually
+pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.
+
+Georgia
+    Button Gwinnett
+    Lyman Hall
+    George Walton
+North Carolina
+    William Hooper
+    Joseph Hewes
+    John Penn
+
+South Carolina
+    Edward Rutledge
+    Thomas Heyward, Jr.
+    Thomas Lynch, Jr.
+    Arthur Middleton
+
+Massachusetts
+    John Hancock
+
+Maryland
+    Samuel Chase
+    William Paca
+    Thomas Stone
+    Charles Carroll of Carrollton
+
+Virginia
+    George Wythe
+    Richard Henry Lee
+    Thomas Jefferson
+    Benjamin Harrison
+    Thomas Nelson, Jr.
+    Francis Lightfoot Lee
+    Carter Braxton
+
+Pennsylvania
+    Robert Morris
+    Benjamin Rush
+    Benjamin Franklin
+    John Morton
+    George Clymer
+    James Smith
+    George Taylor
+    James Wilson
+    George Ross
+
+Delaware
+    Caesar Rodney
+    George Read
+    Thomas McKean
+
+New York
+    William Floyd
+    Philip Livingston
+    Francis Lewis
+    Lewis Morris
+
+New Jersey
+    Richard Stockton
+    John Witherspoon
+    Francis Hopkinson
+    John Hart
+    Abraham Clark
+
+New Hampshire
+    Josiah Bartlett
+    William Whipple
+
+Massachusetts
+    Samuel Adams
+    John Adams
+    Robert Treat Paine
+    Elbridge Gerry
+
+Rhode Island
+    Stephen Hopkins
+    William Ellery
+
+Connecticut
+    Roger Sherman
+    Samuel Huntington
+    William Williams
+    Oliver Wolcott
+
+New Hampshire
+    Matthew Thornton